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Ever wondered what truly makes a piece of research trustworthy? It is not just about fancy graphs or big words. Behind every groundbreaking discovery and every life-changing policy lie three crucial, often unsung heroes: ethics, validity, and reliability.
Think of ethics as the conscience of your research. Before you even collect your first piece of data, you must ask: Is this right? Are we protecting the people involved? In our vibrant, diverse communities, respect for individuals and their stories is paramount.
Respect for Persons (Autonomy): This means informed consent is non-negotiable. No tricking, no coercing. Participants need to know exactly what they're signing up for—the good, the bad, and the slightly uncomfortable. And yes, they can walk away anytime. For our vulnerable kababayans—children, the elderly, and those with special needs—extra layers of protection are a must.
Beneficence & Non-maleficence: Simply put, do good, and avoid harm. Your research should aim to benefit society, not hurt anyone. This isn't just about physical harm; it includes psychological, social, and even economic risks. We weigh the potential for a cure against a participant's temporary discomfort.
Justice: Are you being fair? Who gets to participate, and who benefits from the findings? We must ensure our research doesn't exploit anyone or leave certain groups behind.
Privacy & Honesty: Keeping participant data confidential or even anonymous is key. And for researchers? No faking results, no stealing ideas. Integrity is everything.
Why it matters: Without a strong ethical foundation, your research isn't just flawed; it's dangerous. It erodes trust, wastes resources, and can lead to real-world harm.
Now, let's talk about validity. This is all about accuracy. Are your research tools actually hitting the target, or are you just shooting in the dark?
Internal Validity: Can you confidently say that your cause-and-effect relationship is real? Did your treatment really cause the change, or was it something else entirely? We want to rule out all other explanations. Think of it like this: if you're testing a new fertilizer, did the plant grow because of the fertilizer or because it suddenly got more sunlight?
External Validity (Generalizability): Can your findings apply to other people, other places, and other times? If your study only worked in a specific, highly controlled lab setting, can it work in the bustling streets of Manila or in a rural barangay? The more generalizable your findings, the more impactful they are.
Construct Validity: Are you truly measuring the underlying concept you set out to? If you're studying "happiness," is your questionnaire genuinely capturing happiness, or just a good mood on a sunny day? It's about ensuring your tools align with your theories.
Statistical Conclusion Validity: Are your statistical results sound? Did you use the right tests? Is your sample size big enough to actually detect a real effect, or are you just seeing random noise?
Why it matters: Without validity, your research might be consistent, but it's consistently wrong. It leads to conclusions that just don't hold up in the real world.
Finally, we have reliability. This is about consistency. If you run your experiment or use your measurement tool again, will you get similar results? Imagine a weighing scale that gives you a different weight every time you step on it—that's unreliable!
Test-Retest Reliability: If you give the same questionnaire to the same person a week later, will they answer similarly? Consistency over time.
Inter-Rater Reliability: If two different researchers are observing the same behavior, will they agree on what they see? Consistency among observers.
Internal Consistency Reliability: If you have a questionnaire with multiple questions measuring "stress," do all those questions seem to measure the same thing? Do they "stick together"? (Think Cronbach's Alpha, for those who love stats!)
Why it matters: Reliability is the bedrock of validity. A measurement can't be accurate if it's not consistent. You can have reliable (consistent) results that are wrong (invalid), but you can't have valid (accurate) results that are unreliable (inconsistent).
The Grand Finale: Why They're Inseparable
Here's the truth: you can't have truly meaningful research without all three.
Unethical research is a disservice, no matter how "valid" or "reliable" its data seems. It undermines trust and can cause real harm.
Unreliable data (inconsistent) can never be valid (accurate). You can't hit a target consistently if your aim is all over the place.
Invalid research (not measuring what it claims to) is pointless, even if it's reliable. You might consistently measure the wrong thing!
As researchers, educators, or simply curious minds, understanding these principles is our responsibility. They guide us toward creating knowledge that is not just insightful but also responsible, trustworthy, and genuinely beneficial to our society, from the smallest barangay to the global stage.
What are your biggest takeaways when thinking about research integrity? Let me know in the comments!
Check the PowerPoint below.
Introduction
A hypothesis is a crucial element in scientific research, serving as a tentative answer to a research question. It outlines what the researcher expects to find and sets the stage for experimentation and data collection.
What is a hypothesis?
Key Components of a Hypothesis
Types of Hypothesis
There are six forms of hypothesis and they are:
Simple Hypothesis
It shows a relationship between one dependent variable and a single independent variable. For example – If you eat more vegetables, you will lose weight faster. Here, eating more vegetables is an independent variable, while losing weight is the dependent variable.
Complex Hypothesis
It shows the relationship between two or more dependent variables and two or more independent variables. Eating more vegetables and fruits leads to weight loss, glowing skin, and reduces the risk of many diseases such as heart disease.
Directional Hypothesis
It shows how a researcher is intellectual and committed to a particular outcome. The relationship between the variables can also predict its nature.
For example-
Non-directional Hypothesis
It is used when there is no theory involved. It is a statement that a relationship exists between two variables, without predicting the exact nature (direction) of the relationship.
Null Hypothesis
It provides a statement which is contrary to the hypothesis. It’s a negative statement, and there is no relationship between independent and dependent variables. The symbol is denoted by “HO”.
Associative and Causal Hypothesis
Associative hypothesis occurs when there is a change in one variable resulting in a change in the other variable. Whereas, the causal hypothesis proposes a cause and effect interaction between two or more variables.
Developing a Hypothesis: Step-by-Step Guide
Step 1: Ask a Question
Examples:
1. Do students who attend more lectures achieve better exam results?
2. Do students with higher social media usage achieve lower academic performance?
3. Do students who utilize tutoring services improve their test scores?
4. Do students who complete more assignments receive better feedback from
instructors?
Step 2: Conduct Preliminary Research
Step 3: Formulate Your Hypothesis
Step 4: Refine Your Hypothesis
Step 5: Phrase Your Hypothesis in Three Ways
Step 6: Write a Null Hypothesis
Samantha constantly compared herself to others on social media and felt
inadequate in her achievements. She thought everyone else was living perfect
lives while hers seemed mundane. This constant comparison clouded
Samantha’s perspective on her own accomplishments and happiness. Eventually,
she recognized that everyone has a unique journey filled with ups and
downs. The lesson is clear: comparison steals joy; embracing your own path
fosters contentment and self-acceptance. To combat the negative effects of
comparison, here are some practical tips to help shift your mindset:
Implementing these strategies can make you reclaim your joy and foster a
sense of self-acceptance that allows you to thrive without the burden of
comparison.
Friends and family, thank you all for being here today as I celebrate this 50-year milestone.
Reaching half a
century really does put things in perspective. As I reflect on the journey
that's brought me here, I'm overwhelmed with gratitude.
To my wonderful family
- you're the heart of everything. Aileen, my dear wife, your unwavering
support and love has been my anchor through every problem and celebration. To
our children, Alvin and Diane, watching you grow and thrive has been the
greatest joy of my life. Your achievements and the people you're becoming make
me proud every single day.
Life has taught me the
value of hard work, both in business and at home. Mama and Papa, thank you for
instilling those values in me from the start. Your guidance and love have
shaped the person I am today. To my siblings, your support and the bonds we
share have been a constant source of strength.
It hasn't always been
easy, but every challenge overcome has been worth it to see our family
flourish. The lessons learned along the way have been invaluable.
I'm deeply thankful
for the gift of life itself - for all the experiences, both good and
challenging, that have shaped me. And I'm equally grateful for the friends
who've become like family. Your support through the years has meant more than
words can express.
As I look ahead to the
next chapter, I'm excited for what's to come. Here's to cherishing our
relationships, embracing new adventures, and making the most of every precious
day.
Thank you all for being part of my journey and celebrating with me today. Let's raise a glass to life, love, and the memories we'll continue to make together. Cheers to 50 years and to whatever the future holds!
MENTAL HEALTH AWARENESS SEMINAR
Opening Remarks
Emcee: Good afternoon. Please take a moment to find your seats and settle in.
Once again, good afternoon, and welcome to our Mental Health Awareness Seminar. I'm your emcee for today, and I couldn't be more excited to be here with all of you.
Invocation, Philippine National Anthem, School Hymn
Emcee: To kick off our seminar, please rise as we begin with a moment of reflection, followed by the singing of our Philippine national anthem and the CTS Hymn.
Welcome Address
Allow me to acknowledge and express our
gratitude to our participants, each playing a vital role in today's event:
We extend our appreciation to our dedicated Guidance Counselor, Mrs. Ida Yting, who provides invaluable support to our students' mental well-being.
A special welcome to our SHS Principal/SAO Director, whose leadership and commitment to our institution are highly regarded.
We also acknowledge the presence of our dedicated College and SHS Faculty, whose dedication to education and nurturing young minds is commendable.
And of course, a warm welcome to our College and SHS students—the very heart and soul of our educational community. Your presence here signifies your commitment to understanding and promoting mental health.
We have an afternoon filled with inspiring insights and valuable discussions ahead of us. So, let's embrace this opportunity with enthusiasm and a shared determination to make a positive difference.
Thank you for being here, and I look forward to an enlightening and productive seminar.
Rationale and Introduction of Resource Speaker (Judan Sta. Teresa)
Before we delve into the seminar, it's crucial to understand more about why we are here today. To set the stage by providing us with the rationale and introduce our resource speaker, I invite Judan Sta. Teresa, the SHS Principal/ SAO Director to do the honor.
Seminar Proper (Ms. Ida M. Yting)
Emcee: Now, we will proceed to the heart of today's event, the seminar itself. Our resource speaker will be sharing valuable insights on mental health. Please give a warm welcome to our expert, Ms. Ida Yting, our Guidance Counselor.
Conduct the Icebreaker Activity
After
that enlightening session, it's time for a short break and an icebreaker
activity to refresh our minds.
Prizes
Emcee:
We also have some prizes to give away as a token of appreciation for your
active participation and enthusiasm. Your engagement in this seminar is truly
commendable.
May
I call in the SHS Principal to announce the winners?
[Announce
and distribute prizes.]
Open Forum
Emcee: Now, it's time for an open forum where you can ask questions and share your thoughts with our resource speaker. Please feel free to approach the microphone and ask your questions.
Closing Remarks
Emcee: As we come to the end of this enlightening seminar, I would like to invite Mr. Judan Sta. Teresa to deliver the closing remarks.
Emcee:
That concludes our Mental Health Awareness Seminar. We hope you leave here
today with valuable insights and a greater understanding of mental health.
A warm welcome to all in attendance.
Our gathering
marks the start of an enriching educational journey for the 1st
semester of SY 2023-2024 through our in-service training themed "Building
Capabilities and Professional Sharing: Trends and Issues in Education."
This theme holds profound significance in today's rapidly evolving educational
landscape.
As educators,
we're not merely conveyors of knowledge; we're also dedicated lifelong
learners, constantly adapting to new challenges and advancements. This training
is a unique opportunity, providing a space to share experiences, collaborate,
and collectively enhance our skills.
Another thing,
let's remember, the true value of this training lies in our active
participation – engaging in discussions, sharing insights, and absorbing fresh
perspectives.
Through this
engagement, we can further enrich our own abilities and, in turn, positively
impact the educational experience we offer to our students.
Let's embrace
this opportunity wholeheartedly. Our engagement and participation will shape
the success of these sessions and contribute to our collective growth as
educators. Thank you for being part of this exciting journey.
In closing, the search for Mr. and Ms. Technology Days at our school has been an exciting and memorable experience for everyone involved. We have witnessed the creativity, intelligence, and innovation of our students as they showcase their talents in the field of technology.
Through this
event, we hope to inspire our students to continue pursuing their passion for
technology and to use their skills to make a positive impact in our society. We
also want to encourage them to explore and embrace the possibilities that
technology offers and to never stop learning and growing.
To all the
participants, congratulations on a job well done! Your hard work, dedication,
and determination have truly paid off. We are proud of each and every one of
you, and we look forward to seeing more of your amazing achievements in the
future.
Lastly, we
would like to express our deepest appreciation to everyone who supported and
made this event possible. From the organizers, judges, teachers, and parents,
to the students who participated and the audience who cheered them on, thank
you for your unwavering support and commitment to our school's pursuit of
excellence.
With that said,
we end this event with high hopes and great expectations for what lies ahead.
Let us continue to cultivate a culture of innovation and technology, and may we
all strive to make a meaningful difference in the world through our talents and
skills. Thank you, and good day!
Good afternoon, everyone! It is my pleasure to welcome you all here. After a long and challenging time due to the pandemic, it is truly worth celebrating to see everyone back in the spirit of friendly competition and camaraderie.
Today's gathering marks the
culmination of the technology and TOYOTA Days and the awarding ceremony for our
outstanding students who have shown exceptional performance in various
competitions. I would like to express my admiration for the student’s efforts
and their display of collaboration, cooperation, teamwork, creativity,
innovation, and self-efficacy.
Throughout the three-day event, we
witnessed remarkable athletic skills and sportsmanship from all the
participants, and I am certain that we all enjoyed the games and competitions.
More than just winning, the true spirit of the events is about fostering a
sense of community and school pride, which we can all take with us as we
continue to grow and learn.
Once again, congratulations to
all the students who participated in the three-day event and to those who will
receive recognition today. You all deserve our recognition and applause for
your dedication and hard work. Let us continue to inspire each other to achieve
greater heights and uphold the values of sportsmanship, teamwork, and
excellence. Thank you and enjoy the rest of the day's program.
Welcome to this school year! The College Department wants to extend its warmest welcome to all of you who remain loyal to the school and to the committing of your dreams to march on stage and hold your diploma. Despite the challenges that everyone goes through, education is still top of your priority. With that, I salute you all, especially that on the first meeting of the semester, you are here with us, ready to listen to the items that the ILDO Department, represented by your OJT coordinator, Mr. Anjodan Ofredo, has prepared.
Our main objective for this afternoon’s virtual orientation
is to help you succeed as an OJT by providing you with the things that will
make you ready for deployment. What is really important is your readiness to
face the challenges in the actual workplace. This involves your holistic makeup
as a Texian: your knowledge of your field or specialization, your skills which
are demonstrated by your competencies, and your attitude which may include but is
not limited to courtesy, respectfulness, and punctuality. Be receptive to the
advice and guidance of your mentors.
You all have a long journey ahead of you filled with many
obstacles, but keep in mind that as you advance through this OJT Deployment and
work hard, you will end up with a great resume that will help you get very far
in life. Keep in mind, that experience is the best teacher.
That being said, I want to give you all the warmest welcome
to this afternoon's orientation in the midst of the cold weather.
Orientation
2nd
Batch of Habitat for Humanity Scholars
Good morning! Welcome
to your first day at CTS-C! It's great to see another batch of scholars from Habitat
for Humanity arrive at the CTS ground.
I can still remember
when I welcomed the first batch of scholars from such a prestigious nonprofit
organization. In the presence of Mr. Fidel Maraviles as well as in the presence of the school’s key persons, Mr. Danilo Colipano, TechVoc Director, Ms.
Ponciana Caballero, HR-GA/TDS, Ms. Elena Concon, Scholarship Officer and Engr.
Peter John Rosario, EIM Trainer, and College Coordinator, I boldly said that
CTS-C as a training provider hopes for a long-term partnership with Habitat for
Humanity. We have seen its commitment to its mission to help
families achieve sustainable homeownership. And it even extended to providing
educational opportunities for the community’s young people and improving their
overall quality of life.
Now, we are gathered in
front of another group of trainees with the same key persons with the addition
of three (3) beautiful ladies. Having Ms. Kristina Silan, Project Manager of
Makati Hub, Ms. Jinky Jungco, Project Officer of Negros Occidental, and Ms.
Rose Lubaton among us this morning is a privilege.
CTS-C is delighted to
be part of Habitat for Humanity's initiative. The school has vowed to the same
commitment to its trainees and partner institutions which we believe is our
social responsibility that we embrace daily.
Hence, we are so happy
to have you with us today. At the start of your journey at CTS-C, we wish to
welcome you with great enthusiasm and excitement. We are confident that this
will be a learning experience that will help you develop skills and knowledge which
will not only make you a better person individually but also facilitate you in
seeking employment opportunities. We hope all of you will bring your energy,
enthusiasm, and knowledge to make a lasting impact on the world around us.
CTS-C is your home away
from home. Our door is always open for everyone. Thank you.
Welcome to this school year! The College Department wants to extend its warmest welcome to all of you who remain loyal to the school and to the committing of your dreams to march on stage and hold your diploma. Despite the challenges that everyone goes through, education is still top of your priority. With that, I salute you all, especially that on the first meeting of the semester, you are here with us, ready to listen to the items that the ILDO Department, represented by your OJT coordinator, Mr. Anjodan Ofredo, has prepared.
Our main objective for this
afternoon’s virtual orientation is to help you succeed as an OJT by providing
you with the things that will make you ready for deployment. What is really
important is your readiness to face the challenges in the actual workplace.
This involves your holistic makeup as a Texian: your knowledge of your field or
specialization, your skills which are demonstrated your competencies, and your
attitude which may include but is not limited to courtesy, respectfulness, and punctuality.
Be receptive to the advice and guidance of your mentors.
You all have a long journey ahead
of you filled with many obstacles, but keep in mind that as you advance through
this OJT Deployment and work hard, you will end up with a great resume that
will help you get very far in life. Keep in mind, that experience is the best
teacher.
That being said, I want to give
you all the warmest welcome to this afternoon's orientation in the midst of the
cold weather.
Welcome Address
(Cendryl
F. Molina)
Orientation
Program
CTS-C
& Habitat for Humanity
I would like to welcome you
all to this afternoon’s orientation. May
I start by recognizing the presence of our Vice President, Ms. Consolacion B.
Repollo, and TechVoc Director Mr. Danilo Colipano; also our Scholarship
Coordinator Mr. Junalin Tamarra, College Coordinator, and EIM Trainer, Engr.
Peter John Rosario, our HR for General Affairs and Training Development, Ms.
Ponciana Caballero. I would also like to
welcome our honored guest from our partner institution, Habitat for Humanity.
With us, this afternoon is their Project Officer for Cebu Hub, Mr. Fidelito Maraviles.
A warm welcome also goes to the scholars who invest time and effort in their
future.
The purpose of this
gathering is to specifically kick off and get formalized the partnership
between CTS-C and Habitat for Humanity. Being selected as the TVI to train the
EIM scholars of Habitat for Humanity, a very prestigious organization, is such an
honor.
For decades, Habitat for
Humanity has been a blessing to thousands of people around the world by helping
them acquire affordable decent houses and support their families with better
jobs, education, and many more. Most importantly, they have successfully
brought people together for a noble cause.
In the same manner, the orientation
today is a step forward as CTS-C and Habitat for Humanity started to build a
future together and become great partners in our community. Hence, appreciation
goes to everyone for being here today. Once again, welcome to this orientation
and to CTS-C!

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